k-Wave User Forum » Topic: Questions about Transcranial Ultrasound Simulation

k-Wave User Forum » Topic: Questions about Transcranial Ultrasound Simulation http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/questions-about-transcranial-ultrasound-simulation Support for the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox en-US Wed, 13 May 2026 12:06:43 +0000 http://bbpress.org/?v=1.0.2 <![CDATA[Search]]> q http://www.k-wave.org/forum/search.php Bradley Treeby on "Questions about Transcranial Ultrasound Simulation" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/questions-about-transcranial-ultrasound-simulation#post-7091 Fri, 18 Oct 2019 20:15:20 +0000 Bradley Treeby 7091@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hi Robert, Yes, <code>kspaceFirstOrder2D</code> accounts for effects like refraction and reflection. If your simulation is at very high pressure, then nonlinear effects can become important near the focus. However, in many cases the interaction at the skull surface can be assumed to be linear. See <a href="https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5126685">this paper</a> for example. Brad. Robert W on "Questions about Transcranial Ultrasound Simulation" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/questions-about-transcranial-ultrasound-simulation#post-7065 Wed, 02 Oct 2019 07:11:47 +0000 Robert W 7065@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hi,I want to simulate transcranial transmission of ultrasound.Here the brain consist of two different types of tissues, which are general tissue(speed=1500,desity=1040,absorption coefficient=0.6) and bone(speed=3200,desity=1990,absorption coefficient=3.5).Can the following code simulate the ultrasound transmission in heterogeneous medium? Does the simulation conclude the refraction and reflection in the interface between bone and general tissue? Do I need to consider other factors for HIFU,like nonlinear effects? Thank you very much! %model is the 2D map of brain.The model with value larger than 150 is bone and the other tissue is general %tissue [Nx, Ny] = size(model); %Nx=128 and Ny=128 dx = 1e-3; % grid point spacing in the x direction [m] dy = 1e-3; % grid point spacing in the y direction [m] kgrid = kWaveGrid(Nx, dx, Ny, dy); medium.sound_speed = 1500 * ones(Nx, Ny); %general tissue medium.sound_speed(model>=150)=3200; % bone medium.density = 1000 * ones(Nx, Ny); % general tissue medium.density(model>=150)=1990; % bone medium.alpha_power = 1.5; % default medium.alpha_coeff = 0.6 * ones(Nx, Ny); % general tissue medium.alpha_coeff(model>=150)=3.5; % bone % create initial pressure distribution using makeDisc disc_magnitude = 5; % [Pa] disc_x_pos = 50; % [grid points] disc_y_pos = 50; % [grid points] disc_radius = 8; % [grid points] disc_1 = disc_magnitude * makeDisc(Nx, Ny, disc_x_pos, disc_y_pos, disc_radius); source.p0 = disc_1; % define a centered circular sensor sensor_radius = 5e-2; % [m] num_sensor_points = 50; sensor.mask = makeCartCircle(sensor_radius, num_sensor_points); %simulation sensor_data = kspaceFirstOrder2D(kgrid, medium, source, sensor);