k-Wave User Forum » Topic: Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography

k-Wave User Forum » Topic: Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography Support for the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox en-US Tue, 12 May 2026 23:11:09 +0000 http://bbpress.org/?v=1.0.2 <![CDATA[Search]]> q http://www.k-wave.org/forum/search.php Bradley Treeby on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-7548 Sat, 06 Jun 2020 13:04:28 +0000 Bradley Treeby 7548@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hi Cyrill, Unfortunately your image links don't seem to work. One general point, you may need to add small-scale diffusive scatters to the different tissue regions to allow the speckle pattern to be visualised (similar to what is done in the B-mode imaging examples). Brad Cyrill on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-7483 Wed, 06 May 2020 08:46:40 +0000 Cyrill 7483@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Thanks Brad for your feedback! I had already implemented most of the recommendations in adjusting the air impedance but I am still far away from what I am looking for. While the ultimate goal is to do this based on a CT scan I have for the time being worked on a phantom water-muscle-bone-air with some questionable results so far: <a href="https://uvu.box.com/s/g3gvsn9hsqgkmgou5rrerw051dv0nxdu" rel="nofollow">https://uvu.box.com/s/g3gvsn9hsqgkmgou5rrerw051dv0nxdu</a> and <a href="https://uvu.box.com/s/ve6luvguugy12k2548w42u1jdw680cut" rel="nofollow">https://uvu.box.com/s/ve6luvguugy12k2548w42u1jdw680cut</a> The ultimate goal is to show the same b-line and comet tail artefacts as published elsewhere (<a href="https://uvu.box.com/s/17dp9niwjip9auv0v351oxgjznxwrvf1" rel="nofollow">https://uvu.box.com/s/17dp9niwjip9auv0v351oxgjznxwrvf1</a>) Their 30MHz results are obliviously a long reach but I am looking for a better place to start as I am afraid I'm still quite a way off and not quite sure where to start improving my results. Thanks! Cyrill Bradley Treeby on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-7458 Fri, 01 May 2020 08:35:13 +0000 Bradley Treeby 7458@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hi Cyrill, What is it that you're struggling with? You could try adding the structure of the lung to the medium properties, keeping in mind that k-Wave struggles a bit with contrast between soft tissue and air (a work around is discussed in <a href="http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulation-of-ultrasonic-testing-borehole-in-solid#post-6473">this post</a>). Brad Cyrill on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-7440 Mon, 27 Apr 2020 08:07:32 +0000 Cyrill 7440@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Dear All, while this thread appears to have been dormant for a while I wanted to see if anyone could share some experiences/ideas. In particular I am interested in recreating b-line artifacts in lung images but have so far been unsuccessful. Any guidance would be highly appreciated! Bradley Treeby on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-6835 Wed, 10 Apr 2019 12:55:47 +0000 Bradley Treeby 6835@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hi Fellipe, I can't run your code (the <code>gerar_matrix</code> function or matrix is missing). Could you post a working example? Brad. fellipe.silva on "Simulating B-mode image of Lung Ultrasonography" http://www.k-wave.org/forum/topic/simulating-b-mode-image-of-lung-ultrasonography#post-6801 Tue, 26 Mar 2019 16:19:38 +0000 fellipe.silva 6801@http://www.k-wave.org/forum/ Hello to everyone, I am a new user of k-Wave. I am trying to simulate a image acquisition of a muscle + pleura + lung phantom in a water medium. Lung ultrasonography is based in reverberations artifacts. Multiple horizontal lines can be seen after the pleural line as result of the big impedance difference between tissue and air inside the lung. Ultrasound signal reflects multiple times between pleura and transducer, and this artifact helps to do lung diagnosis. I tried to simulate that effect in a 2-D model. As lung air is much more abundant than tissue, I used air velocity and density as parameters of the lung. Although, result image is all black with only the pleura line visible. Is it possible to reproduce this reverberation with K-Wave? My code was that: % % ========================================================================= % % DEFINE THE K-WAVE GRID % % ========================================================================= % set the size of the perfectly matched layer (PML) pml_x_size = 20; % [grid points] pml_y_size = 20; % [grid points] % set total number of grid points not including the PML Nx = 500+40-2*pml_x_size; % [grid points] Ny = 240+40-2*pml_y_size; % [grid points] % set desired grid size in the x-direction not including the PML x = 1e-2; % [m] y = 48e-4; % calculate the spacing between the grid points dx = x/Nx; % [m] dy = dx; % [m] % create the k-space grid kgrid = kWaveGrid(Nx, dx, Ny, dy); % define a large image size to move across number_scan_lines = 200; Nx_tot = Nx; Ny_tot = Ny + number_scan_lines; % scatter size number_scatters1 = 32; number_scatters5 = 512; area_total=x*y*1000000; n_total1=area_total*number_scatters1; n_total5=area_total*number_scatters5; matrix1 = gerar_matrix(Nx_tot,Ny_tot,n_total1); matrix5 = gerar_matrix(Nx_tot,Ny_tot,n_total5); % ========================================================================= % DEFINE THE MEDIUM PARAMETERS % ========================================================================= clearvars -except T pulse_freq pml_x_size pml_y_size Nx Ny ... x y dx dy kgrid resolution_x resolution_y area_total n_total ... matrix1 matrix2 matrix3 matrix4 matrix5 matrix6 number_scan_lines Nx_tot Ny_tot number_scatters... x_pos mapUp mapDown c0 rho0 medium.alpha_coeff medium.alpha_power... medium.BonA t_end kgrid.t_array T=37; pulse_freq = 5e6; vMuscle = 1471.4+3.9979*T-0.03513*T.^2 rhoMuscle = 1065 vPleura = 1613; rhoPleura = 1120; vAir = 331.45*((T+273.15)/273.15)^(1/2); rhoAir = 101325/(287.058*(T+273.15)); vWater = speedSoundWater(T); rhoWater = 1000; % define the properties of the propagation medium1 c0 = vWater; % [m/s] rho0 = rhoWater; % [kg/m^3] medium.alpha_coeff = 0.002; % [dB/(MHz^y cm)] medium.alpha_power = 2; medium.BonA = 5.2; % create the time array t_end = (Nx*dx)*2.2/c0; % [s] CFL = 0.05; kgrid.t_array = makeTime(kgrid, c0, CFL, t_end); % ========================================================================= % DEFINE THE INPUT SIGNAL % ========================================================================= % define properties of the input signal source_strength = 5e6;%*blackman(128); % [Pa] tone_burst_freq = pulse_freq; % [Hz] tone_burst_cycles = 4; % lambda lambda=c0/tone_burst_freq; % create the input signal using toneBurst input_signal = toneBurst(1/kgrid.dt, tone_burst_freq, tone_burst_cycles); % scale the source magnitude by the source_strength divided by the % impedance (the source is assigned to the particle velocity) input_signal = source_strength/(c0*rho0)*input_signal; % ========================================================================= % DEFINE THE ULTRASOUND SOURCE % ========================================================================= source_width = 128; % [grid points] source.p_mask = zeros(Nx, Ny); source.p_mask(1, Ny/2 - source_width/2+1:Ny/2 + source_width/2) = 1; sensor_focus = [45e-4,0]; %[m] input_signal = focus(kgrid,input_signal,source.p_mask,sensor_focus,vWater); source.p=input_signal; % ========================================================================= % DEFINE THE ULTRASOUND SENSOR % ========================================================================= sensor_offset=1; sensor.mask = zeros(Nx, Ny); sensor.mask(sensor_offset, Ny/2 - source_width/2+1: Ny/2 + source_width/2) = 1; sensor.record={'p'}; % ========================================================================= % DEFINE THE MEDIUM PROPERTIES % ========================================================================= density_map=ones(size(matrix1)).*rhoWater; sound_speed_map=ones(size(matrix1)).*vWater; sound_speed_map(matrix1 == 0) = 0; density_map(matrix1 == 0) = 0; % define a sphere for a highly scattering region x_pos = 25e-5; % [m] y_pos = 44e-4; % [m] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Linha1=makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); for i=1:125 Linha1=Linha1+makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); end %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Linha2=makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)+126),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)+126),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); for i=127:150 Linha2=Linha2+makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); end %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Linha3=makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)+151),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)+151),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); for i=152:450 Linha3=Linha3+makeLine(Nx_tot, Ny_tot,[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos-18e-4)/dy)],[(round(x_pos/dx)+i),round((y_pos+18e-4)/dy)]); end %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % assign region sound_speed_map(Linha1 == 1 ) = matrix5(Linha1 == 1)*vMuscle; density_map(Linha1 == 1) = matrix5(Linha1 == 1)*rhoMuscle; sound_speed_map(Linha2 == 1 ) = matrix5(Linha2 == 1)*vPleura; density_map(Linha2 == 1) = matrix5(Linha2 == 1)*rhoPleura; sound_speed_map(Linha3 == 1 ) = matrix5(Linha3 == 1)*vAir; density_map(Linha3 == 1) = matrix5(Linha3 == 1)*rhoAir; sound_speed_map(sound_speed_map==0)=vWater; density_map(density_map==0)=rhoWater; % plot the medium, truncated to the field of view figure; imagesc((0:number_scan_lines-1)*dy*1e3, (0:Nx_tot-1)*dx*1e3, density_map(:, 1 + Ny/2:end - Ny/2)); axis image; colormap(gray); set(gca, 'YLim', [1, 10]); title('Scattering Phantom'); xlabel('Horizontal Position [mm]'); ylabel('Depth [mm]'); % ======================================================================== % RUN THE SIMULATION % ======================================================================== % preallocate the storage scan_lines = zeros(number_scan_lines, kgrid.Nt); % set the input settings DATA_CAST = 'gpuArray-single'; % set to 'single' or 'gpuArray-single' to speed up computations input_args = {... 'PMLInside', false, 'PMLSize', [pml_x_size, pml_y_size], ... 'DataCast', DATA_CAST, 'DataRecast', true, 'PlotSim', false}; % set medium position medium_position = 1; for scan_line_index = 1:number_scan_lines % update the command line status disp(['|| =============== T = ' num2str(T) ' =============== ||']); disp(''); disp(['|| =============== Freq = ' num2str(pulse_freq) ' =============== ||']); disp(''); disp(['Computing scan line ' num2str(scan_line_index) ' of ' num2str(number_scan_lines)]); % load the current section of the medium medium.sound_speed = sound_speed_map(:, medium_position:medium_position + Ny - 1); medium.density = density_map(:, medium_position:medium_position + Ny - 1); % run the simulation sensor_data = kspaceFirstOrder2D(kgrid, medium, source, sensor, input_args{:}); % extract the scan line from the sensor data scan_lines(scan_line_index, :) = sum(bsxfun(@times, hanning(128),sensor_data.p)); %bsxfun(@times, tgc, scan_lines); % update medium position medium_position = medium_position + 1; % save(['Sim_2_resultsWindow',num2str(number_scatters)]) end save(['sim_Rectangle_lus_CFL005']) % end % end